Biers, Chapter 6 For Monday, February 15, 2021.
(Be ready to answer the Questions that have the same digit as the last digit of your U of AR ID #.)
“The griffin jug from Aegina was painted on one of the Cycladic islands. The lion with its prey is an Eastern motif but the grazing horses go back to Greek Geometric. [he griffin is inspired by bronzes such as are seen as protomes on cauldrons, like Biers 6.25 and 6.26. ] Notice the floral attachments to the Geometric triangles at the base. About 675 BC. Height 39 cm. (London 1873,0820.385)” [John Boardman 2016: https://publicism.info/culture/greek/4.html]
Click here to see The Troy Amphora from Myconos
Click here to see Greek Vase Shapes and Their Uses.
0. What years does this period comprise?
1. What did ‘tyrant’ mean during this period?
2. Why is this period called “Orientalizing”?
3. What contributed to the development of the polis in this period? What is a “polis”?
4. How might foreign influence have come to Greece?
5. Find Corinth on a map of Greece. What are the two closest city-states to it? Why might it have been a leader of the new styles in the Orientalizing period?
6. What is a “cella“? (The Greek word is naos.)
7. What is a pronaos? What is an opisthodomos?. What is a “peripteral temple”? Which figures in this chapter show this feature?
8. What eventually became the standard proportion of columns (width by length; front/flank, p. 134) for a Greek temple? Which figures in this chapter illustrate this proportion? Are the floor plans of the other temples in this chapter longer or shorter than this proportion? What can you say about the development of the shape of Greek temples over time?
9. What is a triglyph-metope frieze?
10. Find the Doric frieze in figure 6.2, and compare this to the frieze section of the Ionic order in figure 6.3. What is the main difference between them?
11. The “pediment” is not marked on either figure 6.2 or 6.3. Show where it belongs (p. 343: “pediment”, and see the pediment in the next chapter, fig. 7.1)
12. How is an Ionic column different from a Doric column? (name three differences)
13. What was a “major drawback” to the Doric order?
14. How did painting add to the appearance of Greek temples?
15. What do terra-cotta roof tiles have to do with Corinth, and the development of stone temples?
16. How were the metopes of the temple of Apollo at Thermon decorated?
17. Why did the second 7th-century temple of Hera on Samos not have a row of columns in the middle of the cella (like the temples of Apollo at Thermon and Poseidon at Isthmia did)?
18. Why does the Temple of Hera at Olympia have different styles of columns in it? How does its floor plan indicate this variety?
19. Describe a stoa. Which figure in our text shows a reconstruction of a stoa? What was it used for?
20. How would you describe the “Daedalic” style of sculpture? Which figures in our text illustrate the Daedalic style? Click here to see the inscription from the Mantiklos Kouros. A bronze sculpture, early 7th century BC from Thebes (The Mantiklos Apollo) dedicated to Apollo, Boston Museum of Fine Arts. The inscription on the thighs: “Mantiklos offers me as a tithe to Apollo of the silver bow; do you, Phoibos, give some pleasing favor in return.”
And as a bonus, click here to see the Nikandre Kore from Delos, and here to see her inscription. She’s also Daedalic, but not as well preserved as the Mantiklos Apollo. How did these figures get their names?
21. What is a “dot rosette“? Where would you expect to find it?
22. What is an aryballos? When and where did it appear? How was it decorated? What was it used for? Where can we find an illustration of one? What is the plural of this word?
23. What is the “Black Figure” technique of vase painting?
24. Why did the Orientalizing fashion in Athens lag behind Corinth?
25. What two styles are mixed in the painting of the Analatos Amphora in figure 6.18?
26. How does the Amphora from Eleusis (fig. 6.19) typify the experimental phase of Black-Figure painting? Which mythological scenes does it depict?
27. What were decorated bronze cauldrons used for? What problem do they represent in the study of cultural exchange?
28. When did the production of Greek oil lamps begin, and what shapes did the early lamps take?
29. What reason does Biers give for the fact that “Athens took no great part in the colonization movement”? (p. 132)
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