The European Journal of Social and Behavioural Sciences
By Alkhawaldeh, Salem A.
“Enhancing Ninth-Grade Students’ Understanding of Human Circulatory System Concepts through Conceptual Change Approach”
Publisher:
Volume 2
Pp. 201-222
2012
Type: Empirical
Data collection method: Test
Number of subjects, range: Large — 31 or more
Grade and age of subjects: 6th-8th grade — under 13-14 years, 9th-12 grade — under 17-18 years
- Fat is not found in plasma.
- Vitamins is not found in plasma.
- Uric is not found in plasma.
- All Plasma proteins are used to meet cells’ amino acid needs.
- All plasma protein help materials transport across capillaries.
- All plasma proteins catalyze reactions in blood.
- The shape of red blood cells allows them to hold more hemoglobin.
- The shape of red blood cells allows the to be in close contact with body cells.
- The shape of red blood cells allows them to pass through capillary walls more easily.
- The thick and elastic wall of arteries helps maintain high blood pressure.
- The thick and elastic wall of arteries helps prevent heat loss.thick and elastic wall of arteries pumps blood under high pressure.
- When blood pressure in the capillaries increases above normal level, tissues gets fewer nutrients.
- When blood pressure in the capillaries increases above normal level, carbon dioxide accumulates in cells.
- When blood pressure in the capillaries increases above normal level, the amount of oxygen diffusing out of the capillaries increases.
- Heartbeat is a reflex.
- When the brain sends stimulus to the senatorial node to initiate heart contraction.
- A heartbeat occurs when we breathe.
- Ventricular filling occurs mostly during atrial contraction.
- Ventricular filling occurs mostly during ventricular ejection.
- Ventricular filling occurs mostly during the contraction of atrioventricular valves.
- Veins have the lowest blood pressure compared to other blood vessels because veins have the thinnest walls.
- Veins have the lowest blood pressure compared to other blood vessels because gravity interferes with blood flow.
- Veins have the lowest blood pressure compared to other blood vessels because blood velocity is the lowest in the veins.
- Low blood velocity in capillary is due to their small diameter.
- Low blood velocity in capillary is due to material exchange through capillaries.
- Low blood velocity in capillary is due to their long distance from the heart.
- In the systemic circulation, percent of blood volume in the arteries, and capillaries, and veins is equal.
- In the systemic circulation, percent of blood volume in the arteries and capillaries is equal, which is greater than that of veins.
- In the systemic circulation, the percent of blood volume in the arteries is the highest, while the blood volume in the veins is the lowest.
- Pressure created by the valves in the veins is one of the factors that help blood return to the heart.
- Cohesion between blood and blood vessels is one of factors that help blood return to the heart.
- Blood from the left and right halves of the heart goes to all parts of the body.
- Blood from one side of the heart goes to the right side of the body. Blood from the other side goes to the left side of the body.
- Blood goes into the heart on one side. Blood leaves the other side and goes to all pans of the body.
- When blood reaches the cells, it leaves the tubes and bathes the cells.
- When blood reaches the cells, some stay inside blood tubes, and some leaves the blood tubes and bathes the cells.
- When the environmental temperature increases, skin tacks a red appearance because the diameter of the capillaries increases.
- When the environmental temperature increases, skin tacks a red appearance because blood pressure increases.