THE GEOMETRIC PERIOD. Biers, chapter 5
For Monday, January 25, 2021.
(Prepare responses to the question that end in the same digit as the last digit of your U of AR ID #.)
1. When did the Geometric style occur, and how do living conditions in this period compare and contrast with the Dark Ages?
2. What innovations in burial practices occur in the Geometric period?
3. What was the general form of government in this period, and how was this different from the previous periods?
4. When, where, and why did the colonization movement take place?
5. Why did Southern Italy get the nickname “Magna Graecia“?
6. What are six ‘innovations’ that mark the eighth century?
7. Why is it difficult to know if Geometric iconography relates to Homeric poems? What example does Biers give?
8. Why are there so few examples of Geometric period architecture?
9. How have terra-cotta building models been interpreted? What might we learn from them? What caveat must we keep in mind when using them to re-construct full-scale buildings? Perachora Plan.
10. What is a peristyle? Where might one have been used in this period? (look in glossary at the back of the book)
11. Give a brief description of the temple of Apollo at Dreros on Crete.
12. Give a brief description of the temple of Hera at Samos.
13. Give a brief description of the temple of Apollo Daphnephoros at Eretria.
14. Give a brief description of the temple of Athena Alea at Tegea (see p.20, too).
15. What were the characteristics of houses in the Geometric period, especially as illustrated by the finds at Zagora on the island of Andros? Where is Andros? Name two nearby islands (You might need to consult a Handy Map of Greece).
16. What were Xoana, and what is the singular form of this word?
17. What kinds of bronze figurines appear in the Geometric period? What were they used for?
18. What is the sphyrelaton technique, and what example of it does our text discuss? What is another way to make metal figurines?
19. The Geometric period continued using some vase shapes from the protoGeometric period. What were these shapes? What new vase shapes came out in the Geometric period?
20. What kinds of designs did Geometric-period painters put on pottery?
21. How big were some of the Dipylon vases? What was their use?
22. What is a prothesis? An ekphora? Which of the figures on pages 124-125 illustrate these practices? Which is which?
23. How are males and females differentiated in Geometric vase painting? Identify a male and female figure in one of the photos on pages 124-125.
24. What are some problems in interpretation of the scene on the Geometric krater from Thebes in figure 5.21 ?
25. How did late Geometric painting show that ‘change was in the air’ (p. 125)?
Geometric Toy. Horse on Wheels. Geometric ca. 800-750 BCE
Geometric Horse-handled Pyxis . Attic; Greek, Geometric, Lidded box (pyxis), ca. 740 BCE, Terracotta; British Museum
26. How were the contents of transport amphoras identified? What is their basic shape, and what were they used for?
27. What is evidence for the “increasing prosperity of the Geometric period”?
28. What were tripod cauldrons used for, and how were they decorated?
29. What kinds of luxury grave goods appear in graves in the Geometric period? (Kerameikos jewelry) Gold Bands, Kerameikos ( Gold band from the Kerameikos. 8th century BC. Athens, National Archaeological Museum, XP 1).
30. How are Geometric fibulae different from their predecessors? How are they decorated?
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