After examining data from the smaller HMDA data set and the larger flat files, denial rates were listed differently in each. For almost all races, HMDA data listed a lower denial rate, except for Native Hawaiians or Pacific Islanders. For example, African Americans had a 15 percent denial rate, according to the HMDA data, while the larger file listed a 22 percent denial rate. Similarly, denial rates for whites in the HMDA data were listed at 13 percent, while the flat file listed a 20 percent denial rate. This is probably because the flat files contain additional reasonings for home loans besides home purchase, including home improvement and refinancing.